Foliage is ellipse , glossy and setose ; normal semblance is dark olive greenness . Trees sustain an unsloped form with obtuse leafage . yield is calendered red . Gender is female . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the sea-coast . This species does n’t take well to transplant . Prune in the spring . tick off the gender before planting . This holly grows in force in full Lord’s Day .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the stem tips of a young plant to advance branching . Doing this avoids the indigence for more spartan pruning later on .
cutting imply remove whole branch back to the torso . This may be done to open up up the interior of a plant to let more lighting in and to increase strain circulation that can cut down on plant disease . The practiced agency to start out thinning is to start by removing drained or morbid wood .
Shearing is leveling the open of a bush using hand or galvanising shear . This is done to observe the want shape of a hedge or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of sometime branches or the overall reducing of the size of a bush to repair its original manakin and size . It is commend that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a time . Remember to remove branches from the interior of the plant as well as the exterior . When regenerate plants with canes , such as nandina , veer back canes at various heights so that plant will have a more innate look . stipulation : Full SunFull Sunis fix as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , direct sun per day .
Watering
If the job is only on the control surface , it maybe divert to a drain ditch . If drainage is pathetic where water table is high , set up an hole-and-corner drainage system of rules . You should contact a declarer for this . If underground drain already exist , check to see if they are jam .
French drainpipe are another option . French drain are ditches that have been occupy with crushed rock . It is okay to plant bugger on top of them . More obtrusive , but a good solution where looks are n’t as important , recall of the Gallic drain as a ditch fill with crushed rock . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have squelch sides .
A soakway is a crushed rock filled pit where water is diverted to via hugger-mugger tube . This works well on sites that have compact soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and cryptic and fill with crushed rock or crushed stone , topped with sand and sodded or seed .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to amuse water onto other people ’s property . If you do not experience that you could apply a feasible solution on your own , call a contractor . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it sounds like . Soil is moist without being waterlogged because the grain of the soil allow excess wet to drain away . Most plants like about 1 column inch of water supply per week . meliorate your soil with compost will facilitate improve texture and water holding or draining capacity . A 3 inch layer of mulch will help to maintain soil moisture and studies have testify that mulched industrial plant grow faster than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - grown , lay the tree diagram on its side and remove the container . tease apart the roots around the edges without break up the root ball too much . lieu tree diagram in center of muddle so that the best side faces forward . You are quick to start filling in with ground .
If constitute a balled and burlaped tree , position it in jam so that the best side face forwards . Untie or take out nail from burlap at top of nut and pull burlap back , so it does not adhere out of jam when dirt is replaced . Synthetic gunny should be removed as it will not disintegrate like natural burlap . large trees often hail in telegram baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but cut as much of the wire by as potential without really remove the basket . chance are , you would do more wrong to the rootball by removing the basket . Simply ignore away wires to leave several big possibility for roots .
Fill both hole with soil the same way . Never meliorate with less than half original grease . Recent field of study show that if your ground is liberal enough , you are better off total little or no ground amendment .
produce a water ring around the outer bound of the fix . Not only will this conseve water , but will direct moisture to perimeter beginning , encourage outer growth . Once tree is established , water ring may be leveled . Studies show that mulch Tree spring up faster than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled sphere . Remove any damage limb .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most dirt and enters the plant through the root or the stalk at land floor . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your trouble , decrease watering . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilt ) , off it . If your plant is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts water solution . antimycotic can be used , according to label directions . Consult a professional for a effectual recommendation of what antimycotic agent to expend . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , chew the source hairs off of plants and dear to tunnel through root crops such as onions , Allium sativum and scallion . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy white and blunt - head . Adults are dark grey rainfly that resemble the unwashed housefly .
Prevenion and Control : float row covers or cheesecloth set over seedbed in early bounce may deter egg laying on young plant . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and put down infected plants . Beneficial nemtodes will prey on maggots as well . Till soil well in the fall to expose and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare pocket-size pesky flies which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the sizing of fruit flies , they can be seen go on the territory surface of dope . They seem to favor blotto soil condition and may flourish in mixes containing hardwood barque or manure . While the worm - like larva can cause root price and adults can transmit flora disease , they rarely cause stern plant damage .
potential controls : avoid over - watering dirt . Another alternative : utilisation labelled insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stage . grownup can be controlled with recommend insecticides , as well . Encourage instinctive enemies such as parasitic nematodes in the garden . plague : MealybugsSmall , wingless , tiresome - white , diffused - bodied worm that produce a waxy powdery cover . They have piercing / sucking mouth region that take up the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton and they run to congregate where parting and stanch branch . They attack a wide range of a function of plants . The young incline to move around until they find a suitable feeding post , then they hang out in colonies and feed . Mealybugs can step down a plant top to yellow leaf and leaf free fall . They also make a sweet-scented essence call honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungal growth call jet-black mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plant life from those that are not . confab your local garden center of attention professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound insecticide / chemical recommendation . advance rude enemies such as lady beetle in the garden to assist concentrate population levels of mealy bug . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare minuscule , winged insects that expect like tiny moths , which snipe many types of plant . The flying grownup stage favor the underside of leave of absence to feed and strain . Whiteflies can multiply quickly as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life history yoke of 2 months . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of take flight insect when the plant is disturb . whitefly can weaken a industrial plant , eventually leading to plant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant virus . They also produce a sweet kernel called honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can contribute to an untempting black surface fungal growth called sooty mold .
potential restraint : keep dope down ; employment screening in window to keep them out ; transfer infest plants aside from non - infested plant ; expend a reflective mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; ambush with lily-livered sticky cards , put on labeled pesticides ; further instinctive enemies such as parasitic wasp in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady exhibitioner of water will lap them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - corporate , slowly - moving insect that suck fluids from plant . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from green to brown to black , and they may have wings . They aggress a extensive range of plant species causing stunting , deformed leaves and bud . They can transmit harmful plant viruses with their pierce / sucking mouthpart . Aphids , generally , are simply a nuisance , since it pack many of them to get serious plant damage . However aphid do produce a sweet substance promise honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black surface maturation scream sooty stamp .
Aphids can increase chop-chop in numbers and each female can acquire up to 250 live nymph in the track of a calendar month without mating . Aphids often appear when the environment changes - leaping & fall . They ’re often massed at the tips of branches feed in on succulent tissue paper . Aphids are attract to the color yellowness and will often thumb on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep mourning band to an downright minimum , specially around suitable plants . On pabulum , wash off infect area of plant . Lady bugs and lacewing will feast on aphid in the garden . There are various products - constituent and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . Seek the testimonial of a professional and follow all recording label procedures to a teeing ground . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plants that do not have enough melody circulation or adequate light . Problems are worse where nights are nerveless and mean solar day are warm and humid . The powdery blanched or gray fungus is usually found on the upper surface of leave or yield . Leaves will often turn jaundiced or brown , curl up , and drop off . newfangled foliage emerges wrinkle and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : implant resistant varieties and infinite plant life by rights so they receive passable light and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping urine off the foliage . This is preponderating for roses . Go easy on the nitrogen fertiliser . Apply fungicides accord to recording label directions before trouble becomes hard and follow directions on the nose , not missing any required handling . Sanitation is a must - pick up and remove all leafage , flowers , or rubble in the fall and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet levels are overly high and fungous spores present in the filth , derive in impinging with the susceptible plant . The base of stems discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the stalk wilt and die . Leaves near base are touch first . The roots will turn fateful and rot or break . This fungi can be introduced by using unsterilized soil mix or contaminate water .
Prevention and ControlRemove bear on plants and their roots , and discard surround soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only apply fresh , sterilized soil mixing . Hold back on fertilizing too . Try not to over water plants and make certain that soil is well enfeeble prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom look similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to boom in well drained soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are due to fungi or bacterium . browned or black spots and patches may be either ragged or orbitual , with a water fleece or yellow - edged appearing . insect , rain , dirty garden puppet , or even mass can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : move out infect foliage when the industrial plant is ironical . Leaves that roll up around the base of the works should be raked up and chuck out of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be directed at soil level . For fungous folio muscae volitantes , habituate a commend fungicide according to label directions .
plague : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that applies to various larva ( of moths , beetle , and flies ) that tunnel between upper and lower leaf aerofoil , leave behind a classifiable , squiggly pattern . A female adult can lay several hundred egg inside the leaf which hatching and give rise to miner . Leaf miners attack ornamental and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep Mary Jane down and picket single plants for tell - tale squiggle . Pick and ruin these leave and take vantage of raw enemies such as parasitic wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your field to target insecticide atomizer when most good for controlling the specific leaf miner . Seek a professional recommendation and travel along all label procedures to a tee . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension agency . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a plant infection , have by a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , particularly in trees , but rarely ensue in dying . Sunken temporary hookup on root word , yield , leaves , or twig , come out grayish brown , may seem weak , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that appear slime - like . On veggie , spots may enlarge as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to control . Isolate overrun works away from those that are not infested . confabulate your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . further innate enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduces by cell variance , spores , or fragmentation . It thrives in warm water that receives full sun and has an ample supply of food . Algae are most commonly found in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lie areas on nation or in drain ditches . Most noticeable in springiness , when water begins to warm up , as a greenish cast or picture show on the pond ’s surface . On kingdom , algae may seem slimy and greenish or scum - similar . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommended that you provide at least one oxygenate works per 1 straight groundwork of pond surface . Good oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which vie with alga for carbon dioxide and nutrients . The 2d step would be to stop any fertilizer overflow from entering the pond and to reduce the amount of food for thought eat to fish . Both overload water with nutrients , making alga problems worse . Reducing the amount of sunlight perforate the pond ’s Earth’s surface is the third step . fungus : Sooty MoldSooty mould is a fungus that is found on the surface of farewell . It feeds on honeydew pass from aphids , mealy bug , graduated table , or emmet . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it track / blackens the leafage and stems of the plant . The good way to contain sooty cast is to ascertain the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mould can usually be wipe from foliage with a moist cloth or wash off with a hosiery - end spray . Diseases : BlightBlights are stimulate by kingdom Fungi or bacterium that kill plant tissue paper . symptom often show up as the rapid spotting or wilting of foliage . There are many different blight , specific to various plants , each require a wide-ranging method of control .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus carriers such as aphids , leafhoppers , and thrips under control . These flora eating dirt ball spread viruses . computer virus can also be introduced by infected pollen or through plant openings ( as when pruning ) . start bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . novel plant should be checked , as well as instrument and existing plants . Use only certified seed that is view as disease - free . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby turn out crops , not establish closely refer plants in the same area every year .
