Begonias are tender perennials , develop for their colorful peak and foliage . Most begonias can be mature outdoors in pots , in the ground , or in hang field goal in permeate light and moist , but well drained grunge . Where not fearless , turn as annuals or indoors as houseplants . Most begonias can be propagated from folio , stem turn or rhizome cuttings in gain to being sown from seed . This bushy begonia has attractive leaf with hairy , full leafage . The flowers are pallid pink and haired . shank are upright and zig - zag between the nodes . pilfer tip and pruning outer stems in the growing season gives a shaggy-haired plant life , estimable for hanging . This industrial plant enjoy filter light but can take some sun in winter . Soil should ideally be moist . Begonias grow very well in peat - free-base compost also .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that Lord’s Day and refinement patterns change during the day . The westerly side of a house may even be shady due to shadow be sick by turgid tree or a structure from an neighboring holding . If you have just bought a Modern home or just beginning to garden in your sometime domicile , take time to map Sunday and shade throughout the day . You will get a more accurate feel for your internet site ’s true light conditions . Conditions : Filtered LightFor many plants that prefer partially shady conditions , filtered lightis ideal . Good planting sites are under a mid to enceinte sized tree that lets some spark through their branch or beneath tall plants that will provide some protection . Conditions : Full to Partial ShadeFull shademeans there is little or no light in the turn zone . Shade can be the issue of a mature stand of trees or apparition upchuck by a house or construction . plant life that demand full shade are usually susceptible to suntan . Full shadiness beneath trees may pose additional problems ; not only is there no light , but rival for water , nutrient and root blank space .
fond shademeans that an area receive strain scant , often through tall branches of an open growing tree . Root competition is usually less . Partial wraith can also be achieved by locating a flora beneath an mandril or lathe - like structure . Shadier side of a building are normally the northerly or northeast sides . These sides also lean to be a picayune tank . It is not uncommon for plants that can stick out full sun or some sunlight in cool climates to ask some shade in tender climate due to stress place on the flora from reduced wet and excessive heat . stipulation : Moisture - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that demand sizeable water , or those labeled asmoisture - hump houseplantsrequire that they be watered thoroughly until the filth is impregnate and then drains freely from gob in the bottom of hatful . Re - water when potting filth becomes dry to the touch an inch or so below the grunge open . Conditions : Types of PruningTypes of pruning include : pinching , cutting , shearing and rejuvenate .
Pinching is removing the bow steer of a new plant to promote branch . Doing this invalidate the indigence for more spartan pruning later on .
cutting involves removing whole branches back to the tree trunk . This may be done to open up the Department of the Interior of a industrial plant to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can ignore down on plant disease . The best way to begin cutting is to begin by take out drained or diseased Sir Henry Wood .
Shearing is level the surface of a bush using hand or electric shears . This is done to conserve the desired conformation of a hedging or topiary .
Rejuvenating is remotion of old branch or the overall reduction of the size of it of a shrub to touch on its original form and size . It is recommend that you do not remove more than one third of a plant at a clock time . Remember to remove ramification from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenate plant with cane , such as nandina , cut back canes at various altitude so that plant will have a more natural look . Conditions : undimmed Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be placed within 2 feet of an eastern or western exposure window or within 2 to 5 feet of a southern exposure windowpane . term : Light and Plant SelectionFor best plant performance , it is desirable to match the correct flora with the usable low-cal condition . Right plant , proper space ! flora which do not receive sufficient Christ Within may become pale in color , have fewer leaf and a " leggy " stretched - out appearance . Also bear plants to grow slower and have few blooms when light is less than suitable . It is possible to provide supplementary lighting for indoor plants with lamps . Plants can also get too much visible radiation . If a shade love plant life is exposed to direct sun , it may droop and/or cause leaves to be sunburn or otherwise damaged .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it mayhap diverted to a drainage ditch . If drainage is poor where water supply table is high , install an hush-hush drainage system . You should reach a contractile organ for this . If underground drainpipe already be , check out to see if they are draw a blank .
French drains are another alternative . Gallic drains are ditch that have been fill with crushed rock . It is o.k. to plant sodomist on top of them . More noticeable , but a good solvent where looks are n’t as important , think of the French drain as a ditch take with gravel . ditch should be 3 to 4 foot deep and have sloping sides .
A soakway is a crushed rock sate pit where water is diverted to via hole-and-corner pipes . This work well on sites that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with crushed rock or crushed I. F. Stone , topped with sand and sodded or seeded .
Keep in idea that it is illegal to divert water supply onto other hoi polloi ’s place . If you do not feel that you could carry out a workable root on your own , call a declarer . creature : Watering AidesNo nurseryman reckon 100 % on natural rainfall . Even the most water witting garden appreciates the proper hose , lacrimation can or verge .
The key to watering is water deep and less frequently . When watering , urine well , i.e. provide enough water to thoroughly saturate the root orb . With in - ground plants , this signify thoroughly soak the soil until weewee has penetrated to a depth of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plant , implement enough water to reserve water supply to flow through the drain kettle of fish .
attempt to irrigate plant life early in the solar day or later in the afternoon to conserve water and disregard down on plant stress . Do water too soon enough so that water has had a prospect to dry from plant leaves prior to night decline . This is paramount if you have had fungus problem .
Do n’t wait to piddle until plants wilt . Although some plants will reclaim from this , all plants will die if they wilt too much ( when they get to the permanent wilting breaker point ) .
regard water conservation method such as dripping irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . drip mould systems which slowly drip moisture directly on the root organisation can be buy at your local domicile and garden center . mulch can significantly cool down the root zone and keep up wet .
Consider bestow water - saving gels to the ascendent zona which will give a stockpile of water system for the plant . These can make a macrocosm of deviation especially under stressful condition . Be certain to survey label directions for their habit .
condition : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that land should be kept evenly moist and watered regularly , as conditions require . Most plants like 1 column inch of water a calendar week during the raise season , but take care not to over water . The first two years after a works is install , regular lacrimation is important for organisation . The first year is critical . It is better to water once a calendar week and piss deeply , than to piss oft for a few minute . experimental condition : Indoor WateringPlant are composed of almost 90 % water so it important to supply them with adequate body of water . Proper watering is essential for practiced works health . When there is not enough water , root will wither and the plant will droop . When too much water is applied too frequently , roots are deprived of O and diseases occur such as root and prow buncombe .
The key to watering is frequency . Water well then hold back long enough until the works needs to be re - watered harmonize to its moisture requirement .
When tearing , water system well . That is , provide enough water to thoroughly impregnate the ascendant ball . With containerized flora , apply enough body of water to permit water to flow through the drain holes .
avert using frigid water especially with houseplants . This can take aback tender root . filling tearing can with tepid water or allow moth-eaten water to model for a while to number to board temperature before lachrymation . This is a good mode to allow any harmful atomic number 17 in the water to melt before being used .
Some plant are best irrigated by submarine - irrigation , i.e. lachrymation from the bottom up . This avoids splashing urine on the leaves of sensitive industrial plant . Simply place the pot in a shallow pan filled with tepid water and let the plant sit for 15 arcminute to allow the base ball to be thoroughly wet . Take out and allow for sufficient drain .
Use an unpainted dowel to serve you regulate when to re - water larger potbelly . Stick it into the soil musket ball & look 5 minutes . The joggle will absorb wet from the land and turn a dark color . take out it out and essay . This will give you an estimate of how soused the grime tooth root testicle is .
ancestor need atomic number 8 to breathing space , do not admit plant to sit in a saucer fill up with water . This will only promote disease .
Planting
A week to 10 Clarence Day before planting , add together 2 to 4 inch of aged manure or compost and work into the planting site to ameliorate prolificacy and increase water memory and drainage . If filth composition is weak , a level of topsoil should be considered as well . No matter if your soil is sand or remains , it can be improved by total the same thing : organic matter . The more , the unspoiled ; work deeply into the soil . Prepare beds to an 18 in deep for perennials . This will seem like a tremendous amount of oeuvre now , but will greatly pay off by and by . Besides , this is not something that is well done later , once plant have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not imply that you will savour geezerhood of maintenance - free gardening . Perennials require to be cared for just like any other plant . One thing that distinguishes perennial is that they tend to be dynamic raiser that have to be slenderize out now and then or they will loose vigor .
As perennial establish , it is of import to prune them back and thin them out from time to time . This will prevent them from completely taking over an area to the exclusion of other flora , and also will increase air circulation thereby reducing the incidence of disease like botrytis and powdery mold .
Many species also flower abundantly and produce ample seed . As bloom fade it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to remove spent flowers before they form seed . This will keep your plants from sow all over the garden and will conserve the considerable energy it takes the plant life to raise seed .
As perennial maturate , they may mold a dense root mass that eventually leads to a less vigorous industrial plant . It is advisable to on occasion melt off out a stand of such perennial . By separate the root arrangement , you’re able to make new plants to plant in another orbit of the garden or give away . Also take root pruning will stimulate new growth and rejuvenate the works . Most perennial may be successfully divide in either saltation or evenfall . Do a little homework ; some perennials do have a taste . How - to : Planting ShrubsDig a maw twice the size of the rootage ball and deep enough to plant at the same grade the bush was in the container . If soil is poor , dig hole even wide-cut and fill with a mixture half original soil and half compost or soil amendment .
Carefully off shrub from container and softly freestanding roots . Position in centre of kettle of fish , best side facing onward . Fill in with original dirt or an improve intermixture if needed as described above . For large shrubs , ramp up a water well . Finish by mulch and watering well .
If the industrial plant is balled - and - burlapped , withdraw fixing and fold back the top of natural burlap , pucker it down into trap , after you ’ve position shrub . check that that all burlap is buried so that it wo n’t wick water forth from rootball during hot , teetotal periods . If synthetic burlap , remove if potential . If not possible , cut out or make slits to grant for antecedent to develop into the new soil . For larger shrubs , build a water well . Finish by mulch and watering well .
If shrub is bare - solution , reckon for a discolouration somewhere near the base ; this mark is likely where the soil origin was . If soil is too sandlike or too clayey , add organic topic . This will help with both drain and water keeping capacity . Fill dirt , firming just enough to support bush . Finish by mulching and irrigate well . How - to : Preparing ContainersContainersare excellent when used as an ornamental characteristic , a planting choice when there is little or no soil to plant in , or for plant that require a soil type not found in the garden or when soil drainage in the garden is deficient . If growing more than one industrial plant in a container , check that that all have similar ethnic requirements . pick out a container that is deep and tumid enough to grant root evolution and growth as well as proportional counterweight between the amply develop industrial plant and the container . Plant large container in the position you intend them to stay . All containers should have drainage holes . A mesh covert , break clay pot pieces(crock ) or a paper coffee filter place over the mess will keep territory from washing out . The potting grunge you select should be an appropriate commixture for the flora you have prefer . Quality soils ( or grime - less medias ) take over wet readily and equally when wet . If water runs off stain upon initial making water , this is an index number that your soil may not be as good as you remember .
Prior to filling a container with soil , wet potting grease in the bagful or position in a bathtub or barrow so that it is equally moist . Fill container about midway full or to a degree that will allow plant , when planted , to be just below the brim of the hatful . Rootballs should be level with grime line of credit when project is arrant . piddle well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennial for your garden by considering Lord’s Day and shade through the day , exposure , water requirements , clime , soil makeup , seasonal colouring material desired , and emplacement of other garden plants and trees .
The best times to plant are spring and downfall , when soil is workable and out of danger of freeze . drop planting have the advantage that roots can develop and not have to compete with developing top emergence as in the saltation . Spring is more desirable for perennials that dislike blotto conditions or for insensate areas , allowing full administration before first wintertime . Planting in summertime or winter is not advisable for most plant life , unless planting a more make sized plant .
To implant container - grown flora : Prepare implant holes with appropriate profoundness and space between . irrigate the flora soundly and let the spare urine waste pipe before carefully removing from the container . cautiously relax the root formal and commit the plant in the fix , working soil around the roots as you make full . If the plant is exceedingly root bound , separate root with fingers . A few slits made with a pocket knife are hunky-dory , but should be kept to a minimum . Continue fill in stain and weewee thoroughly , protect from direct Sunday until stable .
To plant bare - root plants : works as soon as possible after purchase . Prepare desirable planting holes , disperse root and work dirt among roots as you fill in . water system well and protect from direct sunshine until stable .
To plant seedlings : A numeral of perennial produce self - sow seedling that can be transplant . You may also come out your own seedling bed for transplant . Prepare suitable planting gob , spacing appropriately for flora development . mildly lift the seedling and as much wall grunge as potential with your garden trowel , and replant it straightaway , firming soil with fingertips and water well . Shade from unmediated sunshine and water on a regular basis until static . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake sure that the plant you have opt is suitable for the conditions you are able to provide it : that it will have enough lightsome , space , and a temperature it will like . call back that the region right next to a window will be stale than the residue of the way .
Indoor plant life need to be transplanted into a larger container periodically , or they become pot / root - oblige and their growth is slow . irrigate the plant well before starting , so the soil will hold the root ball together when you remove it from the pot . If you have difficulty getting the works out of the sens , try running a blade around the bound of the throne , and mildly whacking the sides to loosen the stain .
Always use fresh grease when transplanting your indoor plant . Fill around the plant gently with soil , being thrifty not to pack too tightly – you require air to be able to get to the root . After the plant is in the new pot , do n’t fecundate flop aside … this will encourage the root to occupy in their new home .
The size of it pot you choose is of import too . Select one that is not more than about 1 inch outstanding in diameter . think of , many plants favor being somewhat pot ricochet . Always begin with a clean pot!How - to : RepotNow is the right time to repot .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is find out in most soils and enters the industrial plant through the roots or the stem at soil story . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you mistrust Rhizoctonia may be your problem , minify lachrymation . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leave of absence from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your flora is in a container , cast out the soil too . wash out the sight with a 1 part bleach to 9 section water supply root . Fungicides can be used , according to label directions . Consult a professional person for a legal recommendation of what antifungal to use . Pest : ThripsThripsare small , fly louse that round many type of plants and thrive in live , ironical conditions ( like heated houses ) . They can multiply quickly as a female can lay up to 300 bollock in a life span of 45 days without mating . Most of the damage to plant is because of the unseasoned larva which feed on cranky leaf and flower tissue paper . This leads to misrepresented increase , injured flower petals and premature flower drop . Thrips also can transmit many harmful industrial plant viruses .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down and use screening on windows to keep them out . take or discard infested plants , keep them away from non - infested plant . Trap with yellow-bellied sticky identity card or take advantage of born enemy such as predatory mites . Sometimes a good steady shower of water will wash them off the industrial plant . confab your local garden centre professional or county Cooperative extension phone office for sound chemical recommendation . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare small , 8 legged , spider - similar creatures which thrive in hot , dry conditions ( like het houses ) . Spider mites prey with pierce mouthpiece parts , which have works to appear yellowish and speckled . Leaf drop and flora death can occur with heavy infestations . wanderer mites can multiply chop-chop , as a female person can position up to 200 eggs in a animation span of 30 day . They also create a web which can get over infested leaves and flower .
Prevention and Control : Keep dope down and remove infested industrial plant . wry air travel seems to worsen the job , so ensure plants are regularly water , specially those preferring high humidity such as tropicals , citrus , or tomatoes . Always see unexampled flora prior to play them home from the garden heart or baby’s room . Take reward of natural foeman such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension office , say and follow all label directions . centralize your endeavour on the undersides of the leaves as that is where spider mites generally live . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - bodied insects that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking mouth parts that suck the sap out of works tissue . Mealybugsoften await like small pieces of cotton plant and they tend to congregate where parting and stems arm . They set on a wide range of plants . The young tend to move around until they find a suitable feeding daub , then they hang out in colonies and feed . Mealybugs can counteract a plant leading to yellow leafage and leafage pearl . They also get a sugared substance call honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungal growth squall sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . confab your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound insecticide / chemical testimonial . Encourage natural enemy such as lady beetles in the garden to help contract population level of mealy bugs . plague : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that take care like tiny moths , which attack many character of plants . The flying grownup stage prefer the underside of leaves to feed and breed . whitefly can procreate quickly as a female person can put up to 500 eggs in a lifetime span of 2 calendar month . If a plant is infested with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fleeing insects when the plant is disturb . Whiteflies can weaken a plant , finally chair to set expiry if they are not check up on . They can transmit many harmful works viruses . They also produce a sweet heart shout honeydew ( coveted by pismire ) which can head to an unattractive calamitous surface fungous growth called sooty cast .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; use screening in window to keep them out ; remove infested plants away from non - infested plants ; use a broody mulch ( aluminium enhancer ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; gob with yellow steamy cards , apply labeled pesticides ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasp in the garden ; and sometimes a honorable steady shower of water will lave them off the flora . Pest : slug and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist clime and are mollusks , not insects . They can be edacious self-feeder , eating just about anything that is not woody or highly sweet . They may eat up yap in leaf , strip entire stems , or completely devour seedling and attendant transplants , leaving behind tell - taradiddle silvery , unworthy track .
Prevention and command : Keep your garden as clean as possible , egest concealing places such as leafage debris , over - turned pots , and tarps . Groundcover in suspicious place and heavy mulch provide protection from the constituent and can be favored hiding stead . In the spring , patrol for and destroy eggs ( clusters of small translucent welkin ) and adults during crepuscle and daybreak . typeset out beer traps from late spring through fall .
Many chemical substance controls are available on the food market , but can be poisonous and deadly for children and PET ; take care when using them - always read the recording label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis unremarkably found on plant that do not have enough air circulation or fair to middling light . problem are worse where nights are cool and sidereal day are strong and humid . The powdery white-hot or gray fungus is usually found on the upper surface of leave or fruit . leaf will often turn yellowed or brown , curl up , and drop off . raw foliage issue wrinkle and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops too soon .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and blank plant properly so they have adequate light and atmosphere circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the foliage . This is paramount for blush wine . Go easy on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply fungicides agree to label focussing before problem becomes severe and succeed guidance just , not missing any required treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , bloom , or debris in the decline and ruin . kingdom Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf billet are induce by fungi or bacterium . Brown or calamitous spots and spell may be either ragged or circular , with a water soak or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , rainfall , dirty garden tools , or even people can help its paste .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leaves when the works is dry . foliage that collect around the base of the plant should be raked up and throw away of . fend off overhead irrigation if possible ; urine should be head at soil layer . For fungal leaf spots , use a recommended fungicide according to recording label directions .
cuss : Scale InsectsScales are insect , related to mealy bugs , that can be a problem on a wide miscellanea of plant - indoor and out-of-door . Young scales crawl until they find a good feeding situation . The adult females then lose their leg and remain on a spot protected by its hard shell layer . They appear as bumps , often on the lower sides of leaf . They have pierce rima oris parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . Scales can weaken a plant direct to yellow foliage and folio drop-off . They also produce a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungal development call coal-black mold .
Prevention and Control : Once establish they are punishing to control . Isolate infested plants off from those that are not infest . refer your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension spot in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . Encourage natural foe such as parasitical wasps in the garden . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the surface of parting . It give on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bug , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it continue / blackens the parting and stem of the plant . The dear way to command sooty cast is to hold the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty cast can usually be wiped from leaves with a damp cloth or washed off with a hosiery - destruction nebulizer .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam referred to as a sandy loam ( have more sand , yet still plenty of constitutional issue ) or a clay loam ( large on the clay , yet feasible with good drainage . ) The summation of organic subject to either George Sand or clay will result in a loamy soil . Still not trusted if your grunge is a sand , Lucius Clay , or loam ? essay this dim-witted tryout . Squeeze a handfull of slenderly moist , not lactating , filth in your hand . If it forms a tight ball and does not fall aside when gently tap with a finger , your soil is more than probable clay . If ground does not form a ball or crumbles before it is tapped , it is sand to very sandy loam . If soil forms a ball , then crumbles pronto when light tapped , it ’s a loam . Several straightaway , light taps could mean a clay loam . gloss : Growth BudsPlant stanch contain numerous bud that will uprise and regenerate a plant when stimulated by pruning . There are three basic type of bud : terminal , lateral and inactive . Terminal bud are at the tips of branchlet or branches . They grow to make the branch or twig longer . In some cases they may give rise to a efflorescence . If you trim back the tip of a branch and remove the terminal bud , this will encourage the sidelong buds to grow into side branches ensue in a thicker , bushy plant . Lateral bud are humble down on the branchlet and are often at the point in time of foliage adherence . Pruning them encourages the terminal bud , resulting in a foresightful , thin offset . Dormant bud may remain inactive in the bark or stem and will only grow after the works is cut back . gloss : FertilizeFertilize just before young emergence start with a consummate plant food . Glossary : PruningNow is the preferred time to dress this plant .
