Cats are naturally inquisitive and often sample plant as they explore their surroundings . As a caring pet proprietor , it ’s vital to take plants that are safe for your feline friends .
This guide features 50 cat - friendly options that not only enhance the beauty of your home but also create a unassailable environment for your cats .
1. Brazilian Orchid
The Brazilian Orchid is an dainty addition to any home . Its vivacious petals , range from diffuse pinks to deep purple , create a colorful video display . These flowers thrive in indirect sunlight , urinate them perfect for brighten up a cozy turning point .
Caring for a Brazilian Orchid requires restrained watering and a humid surround . Consider placing it in a bathroom or near a humidifier .
This industrial plant is entirely non - toxic to cat-o'-nine-tails , allowing your feline acquaintance to explore and whiff its beautiful flush without any worries . Ideal for qat owners seeking a touch of the exotic at home .
2. Purple Shamrock
The Purple Shamrock , with its strike triangular leave , append a striking style to any infinite . Its deep purple color is a delightful line against immature leafage usually found indoors .
This works is well-fixed to manage for and thrives in fond sunlight , making it suitable for tabletops or shelves . Regular tearing help preserve its wellness , but it ’s quite forgiving if you overleap a day or two .
secure for cats , the Purple Shamrock is a headache - devoid option for favorite owners who want to introduce a touch of whimsy and color into their indoor garden . A true conversation starter .
© d_garden_center
3. Bromeliad
Bromeliads are have sex for their striking appearing , with sheer inflorescence that last for month . The shining red and yellow hue of the Bromeliad add an alien touch sensation to any base .
These plants prosper in well - drain soil and love collateral sun , build them consummate for a sunny kitchen or support way . Minimal tearing is needed , as they are drought - resistant .
Bromeliads are non - toxic to cats , allow your dearie to roam freely without any wellness risks . Their unique visual aspect and easy caution make them a perfect choice for meddlesome bozo possessor looking to total a splash of colour .
© DutchGrown
4. Parlor Palm
The parlor thenar is a classic choice for indoor horticulture , known for its refined frond and power to thrive in low light . It ’s a dependable option for home with cats , offer peace of mind of thinker for preferred proprietor .
This palm tree prefer indirect sun and needs veritable watering to hold its lush appearance . Its summary size make it ideal for small-scale spaces , adding a tropical touch without overwhelming the area .
to boot , the living-room palm is an splendid air purifier , enhancing the quality of indoor air by reducing toxins .
© Dahing Plants
5. Areca Palm
The areca thenar , also known as the butterfly stroke palm tree , is a favorite indoor plant due to its elegant , feathery frond . It ’s a enceinte option for qat owners as it ’s non - toxic and good for pets to be around .
This palm thrives in bright , indirect twinkle and enjoys a well - drain potting mix . steady tearing keeps it lucullan and vivacious , making it a adorable focal period in any room .
Besides its beauty , the areca palm also acts as a raw humidifier , meliorate air quality by releasing wet into the air .
© Better Homes & Gardens
6. Peperomia
Peperomia industrial plant are care for for their divers foliage physique and textures , offer a unequaled esthetic appeal . These succinct flora are complete for adding greenery to small spaces .
Being non - toxic to cats , they pose no threat to your pets , allowing them to search freely . Peperomias thrive in sensitive to bright indirect light and prefer their soil to dry out out between waterings .
With minimal tending requirements , they are a double-dyed alternative for beginners or those with limited clip , bring home the bacon vibrant foliage and a touch of nature indoors .
© Etchstone Properties
7. Friendship Plant
The friendship works is celebrated for its unequalled , crumple foliage that adds an interesting texture to any collection . It ’s a stark gift industrial plant , typify camaraderie , and is good for cats , ensuring your furred friends persist unharmed .
This plant thrives in bright , collateral light and need the soil to be kept moist but not waterlogged .
Its compact size makes it idealistic for desks or small spaces , providing a charming touch of greenery . With its easy care and appeal appearance , it ’s a delightful addition to any cat - friendly home .
© The Plant Farm®
8. Bamboo Palm
The bamboo palm is another pet - favorable choice , admired for its graceful , bamboo - like stalks and lush foliage . This industrial plant is safe for qat , see your rum kitty can explore without peril .
It wave in undimmed , indirect sun and appreciates regular lacrimation to keep the soil moist but not torpid .
do it for its atmosphere - purifying capabilities , the bamboo palm is an excellent addition to better indoor melodic line caliber , nominate it not just a ocular delight but a practical one too , tally verdure to any room .
© Greg App
9. Spider Plant
The wanderer plant is a popular choice among favourite owners for its easy care and striking appearance . Its arching leaves create a cascade of greenery , making it a witching addition to any room .
Apart from being visually appealing , this plant life is non - toxic to cats , ensuring your feline supporter can safely nibble on its foliage without any harm .
site it in indirect sunlight and look out it prosper . Not only does it make pure the air , but it ’s also cognise to be a lively grower , adapting to various family environments .
© Costa Farms
10. Cast Iron Plant
The cast iron plant is renowned for its hardiness and power to withstand neglect , making it an first-class choice for busy pet owner . Its all-embracing , blue green folio add a touch of elegance to any outer space .
Importantly , this works is non - toxic to cats , so your furry friend can coexist safely .
It grows well in low light conditions and requires minimal lacrimation , prove to be a live and low - sustainment addition to your indoor garden , perfect for those who love greenery but have a hectic lifestyle .
© Succulents Box
11. Calathea
Calathea plants are notable for their strikingly patterned leaves , making them a favorite among indoor plant enthusiast . Their unique foliage opens during the sidereal day and closes at night , a feature known as nyctinasty .
computed tomography are safe around calatheas , make them a perfect addition for favorite owners seeking cosmetic plants .
They thrive in small to medium indirect luminousness and require a humid environment . Keeping the soil equally moist enhances their growth , providing a lush , healthy appearing that complements any interior excogitation .
© easyplant
12. Boston Fern
The Boston fern is beloved for its feathery , arc fronds that add up a trace of elegance to any décor . An excellent choice for hanging baskets , it enjoy a humid environment , puddle john an idealistic point .
significantly , it ’s safe for African tea to be around . site it in indirect light and keep the grease consistently moist for optimal growth .
As an added benefit , the Boston fern is known for its aura - sanctify qualities , remove toxins and providing a intelligent living ambiance . They ’re resilient and accommodate well to indoor condition .
© Salisbury Greenhouse
13. Wax Plant
The wax industrial plant , or Hoya , is esteem for its chummy , shining farewell and fragrant , star - shaped flowers . It ’s an splendid choice for hanging basket or trailing displays .
Safe for cats , it offers a headache - free add-on to pet - friendly home . Wax industrial plant expand in lustrous , indirect light and favor their soil to dry out between watering .
With their striking visual aspect and lovely scent , wax plants get a touching of elegance and nature into your home , providing both aesthetic pleasure and a safe environs for your feline associate .
© Michler’s Florist, Greenhouses & Garden Design
14. Christmas Cactus
Christmas cacti are popular for their stunning , colorful salad days that typically come out around the holiday time of year . Their unique , segment stem tot up a decorative hint year - rotund .
Safe for bozo , these plants provide a festive and worry - detached sweetening to your dwelling house décor . Christmas cacti thrive in bright , indirect light and take well - drained grease .
With proper tending , they offer a long - endure showing of vivacious flowers , making them a care for addition to any home , bringing both looker and cheer to your indoor garden .
© Greg App
15. Mosaic Plant
The mosaic plant , or Fittonia , is admired for its beautifully venose leaves , summate a stir of color and texture to any setting . It ’s an fantabulous choice for those seeking a visually striking yet dependable plant for cat .
Mosaic industrial plant prefer bright , indirect light and consistent moisture , flourish in humid surroundings . Regular misting can help conserve their vivacious appearance .
With their captivating foliage and compact size , mosaic plants make an elegant addition to terrarium or as a standalone piece , proffer a springy and colourful speck to your décor .
© The Spruce
16. Prayer Plant
The entreaty plant is known for its fascinating foliage move , fold up at Nox as if in entreaty . This unparalleled feature , along with its striking leaf patterns , makes it a favored option for indoor gardener .
dependable for cat , it ensures your pets can enjoy their surroundings without risk . The entreaty industrial plant thrives in humbled to medium indirect light and appreciates a humid environment .
even lacrimation and cloud assistance maintain its vibrant show , making it a racy and interactional addition to your home décor .
© World of Flowering Plants
17. Watermelon Peperomia
Citrullus vulgaris peperomias are beloved for their unit of ammunition , stripe leaves resemble Citrullus vulgaris hide , proffer a unique ocular appealingness . These compact plants are safe for cats , secure a pet - friendly environment .
They expand in sensitive to vivid indirect visible radiation and favor their soil to dry out between waterings .
With their distinctive foliage and easy - care nature , watermelon peperomias make a delicious addition to any home , adding a offbeat and wizardly element to your indoor garden while keeping your feline friends good .
© Lawn Care | Tree Service
18. Haworthia
Haworthias are lowly , succulent - corresponding plants with striking rosette formations and unique foliage radiation pattern . They ’re perfect for adding a touch of greenery without take up much space .
These plants are dependable for cats , allowing your curious pets to search without danger . Haworthias thrive in vivid , collateral light and require minimal tearing , make them ideal for busy soul .
With their scummy - maintenance nature and wizard visual aspect , they make a marvelous addition to any home , bestow a soupcon of nature and heartsease to your bread and butter space .
© KatKin
19. Zebra Plant
Zebra plant are admire for their bold , striped leave and eye - catch appearance . These plant life are dependable for cats , offering a vibrant , peril - free increase to your indoor decor .
They favor bright , collateral light and boom in high-pitched humidity , making steady misting beneficial .
The zebra industrial plant ’s alone patterns and lush foliation make it a standout piece in any room , providing an exotic touch and ensuring a safe environs for your dearie to explore , all while heighten the esthetic appeal of your home plate .
© The Spruce
20. Polka Dot Plant
Polka dit plants are known for their spectacular speckled leaf , available in shades of pinkish , red , and white-hot . These vibrant plants are non - toxic to cats , making them a secure and decorative increase to any plate .
They do best in bright , indirect light and prefer their soil to be kept evenly moist . Regular pruning can encourage shaggy-haired development , enhancing their appearance .
The playful patterns and live colour of the polka point plant make it an excellent option for impart a cheerful hint to your indoor garden or decorative display .
© Chicago Plants
21. African Violet
African violets are cherished for their stunning , velvety prime that bloom in a miscellany of colour . These compact flora are perfect for brighten up modest spaces and are good for true cat , check a pet - favorable surround .
They thrive in bright , collateral light and require temperate watering , stimulate certain the soil is well - drain to keep root bunkum .
With proper maintenance , African violet incessantly grow blossom , add a splash of color and elegance to your home , pee them a popular choice for both novice and experienced gardener .
© Peace, Love & Happiness Club
22. Baby Tears
Baby tears , or Soleirolia , are cognise for their midget , delicate leaves forming a dim , trail mat of greenery . This charming plant is safe for cats , provide a lovely and risk - liberal accession to your home .
They expand in shiny , indirect light source and favor consistently damp soil , stimulate them ideal for terrarium or shaded spots .
With their lush appearance and easily - uprise nature , babe tears add a touch of notion and natural beauty to any indoor space , creating a serene and dependable environs for your feline companions .
© Yard and Garden – Iowa State University
23. Air Plant
melodic phrase plants , or Tillandsias , are fascinating for their ability to grow without grease , absorbing wet and nutrient through their leaves . This unique characteristic make them a versatile cosmetic option .
good for cats , they provide a headache - free addition to your home or office . airwave plants flourish in shiny , indirect light and savour a weekly soaking for hydration .
Their compact size of it and various shapes allow for originative displays in terrariums , on driftwood , or hanging , offering endless possibilities for enhancing your interior with a touch of whim .
© The Spruce
24. Maidenhair Fern
Maidenhair fern are admired for their delicate , feathery frond and graceful visual aspect . These ferns are good for cats , cater an refined , concern - devoid addition to your home .
They thrive in high humidity and low to intermediate indirect light , making them utter for bathrooms or space with similar conditions .
Regular watering and misting help keep up their lush leaf , ensuring they remain healthy and vivacious . With their delicate beauty , maidenhair fern ferns bring a touch of sophistication and tranquility to any indoor setting .
© onetwotree.com
25. Dwarf Banana Plant
Dwarf banana plants are notable for their large , tropical leave and the occasional product of minuscule bananas . These plants are safe for cats , make them a fun and exotic option for pet - favorable homes .
They prosper in bright , collateral light and apprise regular tearing to keep the dirt moist .
With their bold leaf and unequaled appearance , dwarf banana plants make a striking addition to any way , bring a skin senses of the Torrid Zone indoors and creating a safe and engaging environment for your feline booster .
© Clemson HGIC – Clemson University
26. Ponytail Palm
Ponytail palms are classifiable for their bulgy trunks and cascading , curly farewell , offering a unequalled esthetic appeal . These industrial plant are secure for cats , allow your pets to roam without danger .
They prefer burnished , indirect lightness and ask minimal watering , thanks to their drouth - tolerant nature .
The ponytail palm ’s unusual coming into court and easy - tending requirements make it a popular selection for those see to sum an interesting focal point to their place , bringing a touch sensation of the alien to indoor spaces while insure pet safety .
© Eureka Farms
27. Pilea
Pilea , often call the Formosan money flora , is appreciated for its unequalled , round folio and thick size . This plant is safe for cats , see to it a pet - friendly home surround .
They prosper in brilliant , indirect brightness level and prefer their soil to dry out between waterings , nominate them suitable for father .
With their sorcerous visual aspect and loose - care requirement , pilea plants add a playful and forward-looking contact to any space , make them a favorite among indoor plant enthusiast who wish to keep their feline friends safe .
© Arbor Day Foundation
28. Bird’s Nest Fern
Bird ’s nest ferns are noted for their wide , crinkled fronds that unfurl from a central rosette , allow for a lush , tropical look . These fern are non - toxic to cats , pop the question peace of mind for pet owner .
They prosper in low to average collateral light and prefer high humidness , make them idealistic for can or kitchen .
Regular misting and maintain the soil consistently moist assistant assert their vivacious green appearance , defecate bird ’s nest ferns a delicious and safe addition to your indoor plant collection .
© HOUSE PLANT HOUSE
29. Burro’s Tail
Burro ’s tail , or Sedum morganianum , is a succulent known for its trailing halt packed with plump , overlapping leaves . This singular plant is good for cats , make it a delightful choice for pay heed handbasket .
It thrive in hopeful , indirect light and requires minimal tearing , making it an gentle - attention pick for busy menage .
With its playful cascading form , burro ’s tail adds a whimsical contact to your indoor garden , render a engrossing visual element while insure a secure environment for your darling to roll and research .
© White Flower Farm
30. Rattlesnake Plant
rattler plants are named for their long , crinkly leave with striking patterns , resembling a rattler ’s skin . These plant are non - toxic to cats , making them a safe pick for pet owners .
They thrive in low to medium indirect visible light and appreciate high humidness , benefiting from regular misting .
With their dramatic foliation and alone appearance , rattlesnake plants offer an exotic jot to any indoor space , put up both visual interest and a dependable environment for your curious pets to enjoy .
© Apartment Therapy
31. Panda Plant
panda bear plants , or Kalanchoe tomentosa , are admired for their blurred foliage and unparalleled appearing . These succulents are safe for quat , ensuring your pet can wander without risk .
They thrive in bright , indirect light and need minimal watering , make up them ideal for those with meddling lifestyles .
With their charming , whimsical look and easy - fear prerequisite , coon bear plant append a delicious touch to any place decor , providing a dependable and attractive environment for your feline friends to enjoy .
© 1-800-Flowers.com
32. Blue Star Fern
The Blue Star Fern is a delightful addition to any home , with its bluish - green frond that bring a touch of nature indoors . Cats will be pull to its flabby , feathery foliage , yet it stay on non - toxic , offering peace of mind for preferred owners .
boom in collateral sunlight , this flora favor a humid environment , making it ideal for bathrooms or kitchens . Regular misting will keep its leaf vivacious and healthy .
Its unparalleled vividness and grain can complement various interior style , from modern to agrestic . Easy to give care for , it ’s staring for both novitiate and experient plant lovers likewise .
© Greg App
33. Chamomile
Chamomile is sleep together for its dainty whitened flowers and calming belongings , often used in tea leaf and remedies . It ’s secure for cats , take a shit it a patrician and beneficial addition to any garden .
Chamomile thrives in bright , indirect luminosity and postulate regular lacrimation to keep its soil moist .
With its soothing scent and beautiful blooming , chamomile offer both optical and healing benefits , create a peaceful environment for your home and providing a safe haven for your pets to explore and savour .
© Cottage Farms Direct
34. Blue Echeveria
Blue echeverias are cherished for their beautiful , rosette - mold leaves and light upon blue chromaticity . These succulent plant are safe for cats , providing a vexation - free add-on to your indoor compendium .
They thrive in bright , indirect lighter and require minimal lachrymation , pull in them ideal for busy someone or those raw to plant tending .
With their stunning people of colour and low - maintenance motive , blue echeverias bring a touch of elegance and tranquility to any room , offer a pet - friendly and visually appealing choice for heighten your home décor .
© The Spruce
35. Basil
Basil is a popular herb love for its fragrant leave of absence and culinary versatility , adding feeling to a wide stove of dishes . This plant life is dependable for cats , offering a invigorated and redolent addition to your family .
Basil thrive in bright , direct light and require regular watering to defend its vivacious growth .
With its invigorating scent and fast - growing nature , basil allow both culinary benefits and aesthetic appeal , raise your kitchen or indoor garden while see to it a secure space for your feline companions to enjoy .
© Succulent Plants Online starting at just ₹49, Nainital Succulents
36. Lemon Balm
Lemon balm is cherished for its citrusy odour and calming effects , often used in teas and aromatherapy . This herb is safe for cats , supply a fragrant and soothing addition to your garden .
gamboge balm thrives in bright , collateral light and requires regular watering to keep the soil moist .
With its pleasant smell and therapeutic properties , lemon balm offers both sensory and aesthetic benefits , creating a unagitated environs for your home and check a safe space for your feline friends to explore and delight .
© Wikipedia
37. Sunflower
Sunflowers are famous for their large , pollyannaish blooms that follow the sun throughout the day . These iconic flowers are safe for guy , offer a vivacious and pet - friendly gain to your garden . They fly high in full sun and postulate regular watering to stick out their predominate growth .
With their bold visual aspect and sunny inclination , sunflower supply both aesthetic pleasure and a safe environment for your pets to explore , make them a favourite for gardener who wish to add a tinge of cheer and joy to their outside space .
38. Rosemary
Rosemary is a full-bodied herb known for its aromatic leave-taking and culinary versatility . This works is safe for cats , making it a virtual and fragrant summation to your domicile or garden .
It thrives in bright , lineal light and prefer well - drained soil , requiring less frequent watering .
With its invigorating olfactory property and stout nature , rosemary provides both culinary delight and artistic collection , enhancing your indoor or outdoor space while ensuring a safe surroundings for your feline familiar to enjoy .
© Health
39. Creeping Thyme
mouse thyme is a groundcover plant life known for its aromatic leave and magical flower , ideal for garden paths and rock music garden . This plant is safe for qat , providing a fragrant and decorative addition to your outdoor blank space .
It thrives in full sunlight and requires minimum watering , wee it a low-down - maintenance alternative . With its delightful olfactory property and hardy nature , creeping thyme heighten your garden with both beauty and practicality , offering a dependable and inviting environment for your pets to explore and enjoy .
40. Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemums , or mums , are celebrate for their vibrant blooms and wide variety of colors , providing a stunning display in gardens . These peak are safe for cat , offer a colorful and worry - free improver to your outdoor space .
They fly high in full sun and want unconstipated watering to support their lush growth . With their sheer appearance and upbeat nature , chrysanthemums add a plash of color and elegance to any garden , create a safe and picturesque environment for your pets to explore and savor .
41. Mint
Mint is a versatile herbaceous plant known for its bracing olfactory property and culinary uses . This flora is safe for cats , offering a fresh and fragrant add-on to your house or garden . Mint thrives in lustrous , indirect light and necessitate even tearing to maintain its lush foliage .
With its liven scent and fast - growing nature , mint provides a lively and utile enhancement to your rest home , allowing you to enjoy its culinary benefits while ensuring a safe space for your feline fellow to roam and explore .
42. Marigold
Marigolds are care for for their vivacious , sunny blooms and easy care , making them a raw material in many gardens .
These flowers are good for computerized axial tomography , offer a cheerful and worry - loose addition to your out-of-door space . They thrive in full sun and require unconstipated watering to support their abundant blooms .
With their alert colors and full-bodied nature , marigolds offer up both ocular appealingness and a dependable environment for your pets to wander , making them a favorite for gardeners seek to add color and charm to their gardens .
© Wikipedia
43. Coral Bells
Coral bells are valued for their colorful foliage and delicate flower spike , offering yr - stave interest in garden . These plants are safe for kat , render a worry - destitute and decorative addition to your out-of-door blank .
They thrive in partial shade and command well - drained soil , benefit from veritable lacrimation .
With their vibrant colors and unique appearance , coral bells add a rattling touch to any garden , offering both esthetic solicitation and a safe environment for your pets to research and enjoy the beauty of nature .
© Wikipedia
44. Snapdragon
Snapdragons are admire for their tall spikes and vibrant , Draco - shaped blossom that come in a salmagundi of colors .
These plant are safe for cats , urinate them a delicious option for pet - well-disposed garden . They thrive in full sunlight and necessitate regular watering to maintain their lush blooms .
With their striking appearance and cheerful colors , snapdragons tally a lively touch to any garden , providing both optical stake and a safe environment for your rummy pets to thread and search , enhance your out-of-door space with ravisher and spell .
© Martha Stewart
45. Zinnia
Zinnias are cherished for their bright , sheer flush and ease of maturation , making them a democratic pick for gardeners . These blooms are safe for cats , leave a colorful and worry - free improver to your garden .
They fly high in full sun and want even lacrimation to maintain their vivacious appearing .
With their dazzle colour and cheerful nature , zinnias offer both visual delight and a dependable environs for your pets to delight , heighten your garden with a burst of colouration and making it a welcoming outer space for exploration and enjoyment .
© The Spruce Pets
46. Fountain Grass
Fountain Grass is lie with for its graceful , curve stems and flossy plume , total a touch of elegance to any space . This ornamental weed is whole safe for computed tomography , making it a headache - free plus for pet owner .
Ideal for undimmed , gay floater , it thrive with regular lachrymation and occasional trim to maintain its shape . Its dynamical appearance can enhance terrace or shining indoor spaces .
Beyond aesthetics , Fountain Grass can act as a natural secrecy screenland or windbreak on balconies , extend functionality along with beauty . Its bouncy nature make it a low - care option .
© Good Housekeeping
47. Thyme
Thyme is a beloved herb for its redolent foliage and culinary uses , contribute flavor to a variety of dishes . secure for cats , it offer up a fragrant and pragmatic addition to your household .
Thyme thrives in bright , indirect light and prefer its soil to dry out out between waterings , making it an promiscuous - guardianship option .
With its delightful scent and compact growth , thyme enhance your indoor garden with both sweetheart and public utility , providing a safe and pleasurable environment for your pet to search and enjoy .
© Amazon.com
48. Johnny Jump Up
Johnny jump ups , a character of viola , are appreciated for their magic , two - toned bloom and succinct growth . These blooms are safe for cats , making them a delicious choice for pet - friendly gardens .
They thrive in partial shade and require regular watering to maintain their touchy coming into court .
‘ With their cheerful colors and goody form , johnny jump ups provide both visual interest and a safe environment for your pet , enhancing your garden with a touch of whimsy and guarantee a welcoming infinite for geographic expedition and enjoyment .
© Plants’n’Cats
49. Sweet Pea
sugared peas are loved for their fragrant , coloured flush that add a touch of elegance to any garden . These flower are safe for cats , providing a beautiful and aromatic addition to your out-of-door space .
They thrive in bright , collateral ignitor and require regular watering to support their vigorous growth .
With their charming aroma and vibrant appearance , sweet peas propose both sensory delight and visual appeal , enhancing your garden or patio while assure a safe surround for your dearie to research and enjoy .
© Deep Harvest Farm
50. Petunia
Petunias are beloved for their showy , trumpet - mould flowers and wide range of color , offering a stunning showing in any garden .
These plants are safe for cats , check a pet - well-disposed environment . They thrive in full sun and require regular watering to keep their blooms lush and vibrant .
With their cascade shape and outstanding appearance , petunias tot a touching of elegance and beauty to your outdoor space , providing both esthetic joy and a safe seaport for your feline friends to search and enjoy .
© Applewood Seed Company
© Martha Stewart
© Bonnie Plants
© PictureThis
© Sweet Pea Gardens
© Flower Patch Farmhouse
